Terms Of Antioxidant Activity Research Articles

Enhancing Milk Quality and Antioxidant Status in Lactating Dairy Goats through the Dietary Incorporation of Purple Napier Grass Silage.

Oxidative stress resulting from an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants can cause damage to certain cellular components. Purple Napier grass, a semi-dwarf variety, is characterized by its purple leaves and contains anthocyanins, which provide it with antioxidant properties. This study examined the effects of feeding purple Napier grass ("Prince") silage to lactating dairy goats on blood antioxidant activity, milk yield, and milk quality. Eighteen female Saanen crossbred goats, weighing 52.34 ± 2.86 kg and producing milk for 14 ± 2 days, were systematically divided into three groups based on their lactation period in the previous cycle as follows: early, mid, and late lactation. In a randomized complete block design (RCBD), treatments were randomly allocated to six animals in each block. The dairy goats were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) consisting of the three following treatments: control (100% Napier Pakchong 1 grass silage), 50% (a 50% replacement of the control with purple Napier grass silage), and 100% (100% purple Napier grass silage). The results show that goats who were fed a diet including 100% purple Napier grass silage showed higher levels of certain milk contents, especially with regard to lactose, when compared to those who were fed a control diet, as well as a diet with a 50% replacement of purple Napier grass silage. The somatic cell count (SCC) of these goats was reduced. In terms of antioxidant activity, dairy goats who were fed 100% purple Napier grass silage showed higher levels of enzymes in both plasma and milk, including glutathione s-transferase, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, compared to the control group and the 50% replacement group. The plasma and milk of these goats showed lower levels of malondialdehyde. The dairy goats who were fed a 100% purple Napier grass silage diet showed higher concentrations of anthocyanins, including C3G, P3G, Peo3G, M3G, Cya, Pel, and total anthocyanins in milk, when compared to the control group and the 50% replacement group. The increased replacement of purple Napier grass silage led to significant differences in lactose levels, somatic cell count, glutathione S-transferase, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, and the composition of anthocyanins. This study provides evidence to support the use of purple Napier grass silage as a beneficial source of roughage for lactating dairy goats.

Influence of Genotype on Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Profile of Fennel Bulbs

Currently, fennel bulb is becoming a highly demanded and consumed vegetable due to its licorice flavor and health benefits. Although the chemical composition of fennel essential oil has been extensively studied, the nonvolatile bioactive compounds of fennel bulbs have drawn less attention. Here, the phenolic profile and the antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, chelating ability of ferrous ions, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation were analyzed using four different fennel hybrid genotypes and three different extraction solvents (methanol, aqueous-methanol, and hot water). Antioxidant activity results revealed significant variation amongst fennel varieties (>3-fold difference for DPPH and reducing power and >2.7-fold for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation), with methanolic extracts exhibiting the highest antioxidant activity. Total phenol content peaked in the aqueous-methanol extracts, exhibiting a 2-fold difference across fennel genotypes. HPLC–PDA/MS analyses identified high levels of caffeic acid derivatives in hot water extracts, particularly in the commercial genotype. The therapeutic benefits associated with these compounds make it reasonable to use detailed phytochemical screening in fennel breeding programs to obtain varieties with new functionalities and thus higher added value.

Antifungal Activity, Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity Properties of Some Spices Extracts as Alternative Natural Antimicrobial Agents

In this study, extracts were obtained from rosemary, anise, cinnamon, ginger, peppermint, turmeric, fennel, clove, laurel leaves and thyme. The total phenolic content amount, antioxidant activity value and antifungal properties of these extracts were aimed to determine the extracts. Among the extracts, clove, cinnamon, turmeric and ginger were superior in terms of total phenolic content values, clove, cinnamon, turmeric, ginger, laurel leaves and rosemary extracts were superior in terms of antioxidant activity. The highest inhibition zone diameters among mold strains were determined by the use of extracts of cinnamon, turmeric, ginger, clove and laurel leaves against Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium digitatum and Aspergillus niger strains. The results suggested the potential use of cinnamon and clove extracts as natural agents.

Antioxidant activity, phytochemical screening and GC-MS profile of Abies marocana Trab.

The aim of this research was to explore the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of etheric extracts of Abies marocana. A Soxhlet apparatus was used to extract bioactive molecules from the various parts of the plant. Furthermore, the levels of antioxidant compounds were quantified, while the Gas chromatography was utilized to determine the chemical constituents of the extracted molecules. The extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant properties using the DPPH radical scavenging method and the total antioxidant capacity test. The levels of polyphenols varied across different parts of the plant, ranging from 2.474 ± 0.029 mg.g-1 DM in needles to 4.207 ± 0.008 mg.g-1 DM in twigs. Flavonoids were most abundant in needles 0.140 ± 0.001 mg.g-1 DM and least abundant in cones 0.069 ± 0.007 mg.g-1 DM. Tannins had the highest concentration in twigs 2.608 ± 0.114 mg.g-1 DM, followed by cones 1.948 ± 0.037 mg.g-1 DM and needles 1.512 ± 0.09 mg.g-1 DM. A chromatographic analysis revealed that 56 components were in the samples, with terpene compounds being the most abundant in the different organs. In terms of antioxidant activity, the extract derived from twigs exhibited the strongest antioxidant capacity 49.377 ± 0.371 mg EAA.g-1 DM, followed by cones 35.129 ± 0.084 mg EAA.g-1 DM and needles 13.663 ± 0.084 mg EAA.g-1 DM. Alternatively, the IC50 values for the three organs were found to be in the range of 3844 to 5047.67 µg.mL-1. The results highlight the potential phytopharmaceutical value of A. marocana due to the presence of diverse phyto-components.

The development, preparation and characterisation of novel pyran derivatives and their biological assessment

We have synthesized some novel derivatives of 4-(1-(2, 4-dinitrophenyl)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-7,7-dimet hyl-2-(methylamino)-3nitro-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-chromen-5(4aH)-one by the multicomponent reaction of pyrazole aldehydes derivatives, N-methyl-1-(methylthio)-2-nitroethenamine (NMSM) and 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione. The synthesised compounds are confirmed by 1H NMR, IR and Mass Spectroscopy and they were then tested for antioxidant activities. In terms of antioxidant activity, compounds C-7 and C-1 were found to have the greatest and lowest levels respectively. Against Enterobacter aerogenes, compound C-5 exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration value.

Assessment of continuous and intermittent drying on antixidant activity of corn grains

Grain drying is essential for storage to preserve material quality. However, drying can affect the composition of agricultural material, as exposure to high temperatures for long periods can reduce the quality of the grain, in terms of antioxidant activity and germination power. The objective of this work was to assess the continuous and intermittent drying, in order to maximize the preservation of corn grains antioxidant potential. Experiments were conducted at 40, 55, and 70 °C with tempering periods of 5 and 10 minutes. Solvents used were methanol/water 70/30 (v/v), methanol/water 95/5 (v/v), ethanol/water 70/30 (v/v), and ethanol/water 95/5 (v/v) and extraction times of 1, 4, and 24 hours. Antioxidant activity analysis was carried by DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging and the best results of antioxidant activity for in natura grains were obtained with methanol/water 70/30 (v/v) and 4 h. Intermittent drying of 5 and 10 minutes’ periods at 40 °C led to least reduction of antioxidant activity percentage compared to in natura corn results. This study demonstrated that intermittent drying conducted at low temperatures is an effective alternative to preserve bioactive compounds of corn.

Improvement of extracellular polysaccharides production from Cordyceps militaris immobilized alginate beads in repeated-batch fermentation

Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) is a unique medicinal fungus of the genus Cordyceps. It has high economic value due to various biological functions from the extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) it produces. The aim of this study was to establish a mycelium-immobilization system for EPS production in a bubble column system. First, EPS production was optimized by 90.2% (from 0.72 to 1.37 g/L) using response surface methodology under an alginate-immobilized mycelium system with 6 days of cultivation. The highest EPS production was obtained (5.3 g/L) in a flask system through elongation to 15 days of cultivation. EPS production subsequently further increased to 10.42 g/L utilizing a bubble column reactor. Furthermore, the system can be reused for at least three rounds. In the EPS characteristics analysis, the produced EPSs were mainly composed of glucose and galactose. They presented strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. In terms of antioxidant activity, respective the EPS concentration that caused 50% scavenging of DPPH and ABTS free radicals values (IC50) were 4.65 and 7.92 mg/mL. In summary, these findings should be helpful for establishing a suitable industrial fermentation system for C. militaris and can be studied in the food and medical industries in future work.

Screening of different extraction methods for maximum production of total flavonoids, tannins, and antioxidants from Centella asiatica

The study was carried out to maximise the extraction efficiency of different extraction methods and evaluate the total flavonoid, tannin, and antioxidant activity of the wellknown medicinal herb Centella asiatica. A total of nine extraction methods were used viz. squeezing of fresh leaves, extraction of fresh leaves and oven-dried powder using boiled water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone as solvents, respectively. Different in vitro assays were used to maximize the extraction of total flavonoid content, and total tannin content. The antioxidant activities in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH(1,1-Diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of C. asiatica were also evaluated. The extract from oven-dried powder using 70% acetone exhibited the maximum flavonoid (3.0533±0.1069 mg QE/g) and tannin content (0.7800±0.0100 mg TAE/g). The powder extract using 70% acetone also exhibited the highest total phenolic content (13.883±0.050 mg GAE/g), DPPH (70.630±2.310%) and FRAP value (166.670±2.260 mg AAE/100g). The acetone extract of dried C. asiatica powder was found to be the best extraction procedure for tannin, total flavonoids, and antioxidant production. The findings of this study might be helpful in extracting natural antioxidants from C. asiatica and improve the existing literature.

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of bio-pigment from Beta vulgaris

ABSTRACT: Plants are essential for sustaining life on our planet, providing a diverse range of species that possess therapeutic properties. With a growing awareness of health and well-being among consumers, there has been a rise in the popularity of natural colorants sourced from plant-based materials. In this context, the main objective of this research was to extract valuable natural pigments from Beta vulgaris (commonly known as beetroot), with the aim of increasing the availability of pigments from natural sources while simultaneously minimizing environmental and health risks. The crude extract of pigments was obtained using the maceration method during the extraction process. The crude extract was then purified using flash column chromatography with various solvents as the mobile phase. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of active compounds like phenols, carbohydrates, glycosides, phytosterols, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and saponins. High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) was performed to analyze the betalain profile, showing distinct bands at specific Rf values. The specific functional groups were identified in the Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum based on the presence of characteristic bands. Antibacterial activity testing demonstrated varying degrees of inhibition against test organisms like Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The evaluated plant pigments exhibited positive results in terms of antioxidant activity, exhibiting free radical scavenging capabilities. The aqueous methanol extract showed the highest extraction yield at 36.71%. The aqueous methanol extract of Beta vulgaris showed the maximum antibacterial activity at 20 mm against Bacillus cereus. The methanol extract and aqueous ethanol extract displayed the lowest IC50 values (45.56 µg/ml and 43.23 µg/ml, respectively), indicating their high antioxidant potential. These findings highlight the promising potential of Beta vulgaris as a valuable source of natural pigments with both antibacterial and antioxidant properties.

Determination of cytotoxic, antioxidant activities and LC/MS-MS profiles of three endemic Verbascum L. species

The Verbascum genus includes many species used in folk medicine or the treatment of various diseases. In this study, the cytotoxic, antioxidant activity, and LC/MS-MS profiles of three Verbascum species, which are endemic in Eskişehir and its surroundings, were investigated. The cytotoxic effects of methanol extract of V.detersile, V. eskisehirensis, and V.gypsicola species on the cervical (HeLa) and ovarian cancer (SKOV-3) cells were investigated using a colorimetric assay. The results indicated that cytotoxic effect was not observed after treatment of SKOV-3 cells with Verbascum. On the other hand, the cytotoxic activity of V. detersile was found to be 0.1910 mg/dL and 1.057 mg/dL for HeLa cells after 24 or 48 hours incubation with V.detersile, respectively. The antioxidant activity was determined as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging activity, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC assay), and also the total phenolic content of the samples was found. Total phenols were estimated as Gallic acid equivalents (GAE), expressed as mg Gallic acid/in 1g extract previously described by Singletton. LC/MS profiles separation and detection of phytochemicals of the extract were performed on a Shimadzu UPLC system consisting of a vacuum degasser, an autosampler (SIL20A Shimadzu Autosampler), a binary pump (LC20AD Shimadzu), an oven (CTO20A Shimadzu Column Oven) and DAD dedector (SPD M20A Shimadzu DAD Detector). In terms of antioxidant activity, V. gypsicola was found to have the least antioxidant activity among the three extracts, which is also correlated with the total amount of phenolic content in its content. In this way, it differs from other species. V. detersile exhibits a different chemical profile from the other two species with the iridoid catalpol derivatives it contains. Apigenin pentoside is the only flavonoid molecule detected in V. detersille.

Phytochemical Analysis of Eight Genista L. taxa (Fabaceae) from Natural Populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Phytochemical analysis of aerial parts of eight autochthonous Genista L. taxa (brooms; Fabaceae; G. germanica, G. januensis, G. pilosa, G. radiata, G. sagittalis, G. sericea, G. sylvestris ssp. dalmatica and G. tinctoria) from natural populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina was performed in this study. Using fast phytochemical methods, for the first time, emodin was identified in the genus; coumarins, fatty acids, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids in some taxa, but also the presence of phenolic compounds or the absence of anthocyanins in all studied taxa. The analysis of total phenol (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), phenolic acids (TPA) and alkaloid (TA) contents and antioxidant activity (DPPH), determined by spectrophotometry method, indicated the existence of differences between the studied taxa (p<0.01). The taxa differed significantly from each other in TPA and TA, and the least in terms of antioxidant activity. There is a positive correlation between TPA, TPC and TFC in one hand, and TA and antioxidative activity in other (p<0.01). The Euclidean dendrogram indicates two main clusters: the first cluster includes G. januensis and G. pilosa, and the second is derived from the remaining six taxa. Obtained PCA clusters were more diffused than those generated by Euclidean distance dendrogram but in a good agreement with them. The obtained data indicate the need for further phytochemical and pharmacological research of the genus Genista, as a very interesting source of natural active compounds, as well as population research with special emphasis on the influence of microclimate on SMs content.

Determination of bioactive properties of Capparis spinosa fruits and use in production of Tulum cheese

The focus of the present study was to evaluate the bioactive properties of Capparis spinosa (caper) fruits and to investigate some quality parameters of Tulum cheese with addition of caper. Analyses for the phytochemical components of caper fruit used in the production of Tulum cheese showed that it has high levels of bioactive components in terms of antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and flavonoids. It was determined that C. spinosa, which is used in the production of Tulum cheese, had a good radical scavenging activity (DPPH radical assay). Four experimental groups were arranged in the present study and analyzed on the 1, 30, 45, 60, and 90th day of ripening. T_C was designed as the control group, T_C1, T_C2, and T_C4 groups contained 1, 2, and 4% of caper. According to the obtained results as the content of caper increased, dry matter ratios, ash, pH values, tyrosine and free fatty acid values in cheese increased significantly. The microbiological evaluation revealed that the caper affected positively Lactobacillus spp. counts. The highest aroma and taste scores among caper cheeses were given to the control group (T_C). Generally, caper did not have a negative effect on the textural profile of the product. These results revealed that C. spinosa contributes to the improvement of the bioactive potential as well as increasing the quality parameters of cheese.
 Keywords: Caper; Bioactive properties; Functional dairy; Microbiological properties; Tulum cheese

Effects of various processing methods on the dietary fiber and antioxidant properties of Bignay (Antidesma bunius L. Spreng) fruit

Bignay (Antidesma bunius L. Spreng) is an indigenous fruit in the Philippines known for its bioactive compounds and is commonly preserved by conventional freezing. Processing can be done to improve its storage condition and convert it into functional ingredients. This study aimed to determine the effect of freeze-drying, oven drying (50°C), spray drying, and juice concentrating on the dietary fiber composition, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of Bignay. Results showed that oven drying increased the total dietary fiber of Bignay by 29% while freeze drying resulted to an increase in total phenolics, total flavonoids, and total anthocyanin by 69%, 55%, and 66%, respectively, with an increase in antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS by 57%, 15% and 31%, respectively. Spray drying was found to be the most detrimental method while juice concentration gave little to no significant effects. Epicatechin, catechin, and gallic acid were the main phenolic compounds quantified in the processed Bignay. The study recommends that freeze-drying is the best method followed by oven drying, concentration, and spray drying.

Effect of pretreatment conditions on quality characteristics and antioxidant activity in pak choi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis)

This study evaluated the impact of blanching pak choi stems and leaves in various solutions (distilled water, 2% NaCl, and 2% citric acid) at 100°C on their quality characteristics. The highest stem heating loss was observed in the sodium chloride solution (S-NB) at 15.10% (p<0.001), and the highest leaf heating loss was in L-NB at 11.44% (p<0.001). No significant variation was found in the moisture content of both stems and leaves. Relative to the control, the L value (lightness) of the stem decreased while the b value (yellowness) increased (p<0.05). In the leaves, the a value (redness/greenness) and b value increased in L-CB, whereas they decreased in other groups (p<0.05). S-NB exhibited the highest true retention (TR) of total polyphenol content (TPC) in stems (p<0.01) and the highest TR of total flavonoid content (TFC) as well (p<0.001). For leaves, the highest TR of TPC and TFC was in L-WB (p<0.001). In terms of antioxidant activity, S-NB in stems and L-WB in leaves showed the highest scavenging activity measured by DPPH and ABTS+ assays (p<0.001). Microorganisms were absent in all pretreatment groups but present in the control. The results suggest that blanching pak choi stems in 2% NaCl solution and leaves in water optimally preserves biologically active compounds and nutrients.

Multifaceted applications of chitosan-L-ornithine modified ZnO nanoparticles: Antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer potentials

Developing polymeric inorganic nanoparticle-based nanomedicines has significantly advanced antibacterial and anticancer treatments. These innovative agents have attracted significant attention due to their unique physicochemical properties and promising efficacy in targeting bacteria and cancer cells. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the synthesis of chitosan and l-ornithine-supported zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnCsLO NPs) to assess their biological effects. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the synthesis of ZnO and ZnCsLO NPs, with wurtzite hexagonal structure. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed nano-flake and polygonal structures for ZnO and ZnCsLO NPs, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of ZnO and ZnCsLO NPs revealed characteristic peaks such as ZnO, chitosan, and l-ornithine molecules. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of ZnO and ZnCsLO NPs displayed green emission peaks at 519 nm and 527 nm respectively, attributed to oxygen vacancies and inherent defects. The antibacterial activity was tested against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains using the well diffusion method. The ZnCsLO NPs exhibited higher antibacterial activity than ZnO NPs. In terms of antioxidant activity, ZnCsLO NPs exhibited the highest scavenging activity compared to ZnO NPs against DPPH. The anticancer activity of ZnO and ZnCsLO NPs was tested against the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, where ZnCsLO NPs exhibited higher anticancer activity than ZnO NPs. Toxicity studies of ZnCsLO NPs on human fibroblast L929 showed less harmful effect on healthy cells compared to ZnO. Based on the findings of this research, there is a strong indication that ZnCsLO NPs hold great potential as a nanomaterial well-suited for advanced biomedical industrial applications.

Influence of organic and inorganic fillers on the photoaging behavior of polyolefins

The use of fillers has become a common approach of improving the performance of polymer composites. In this study, the photooxidation activity and radiation absorption phenomena of silica, cellulose and carbon black, which differ in morphology (shape, particle size), structure, coloration and degree of dispersion, were investigated. Ethylene-norbornene copolymer was selected as the polymer matrix because it is an ideal transparent medium for studying aging processes. Samples were subjected to accelerated UV (340 nm) and solar (315–1400 nm) aging tests in special chambers for 300, 500, 700 and 900 h. The obtained results demonstrated that composite filled with carbon black exhibited the highest photostability and retained its functional properties; after 900 h of exposure to radiation, its aging factor value was still close to 1. It was observed that carbon black limits the penetration of radiation by absorbing it. Moreover, its role against photooxidation can be considered in terms of antioxidant activity, probably through the catalytic decomposition of peroxides and reaction with free radicals. Completely different aging behavior was noted for composites containing silica and cellulose, which lost their performance properties. This could be related to their weaker dispersion in the polymer matrix and greater susceptibility to the oxidation process, which was confirmed by FTIR analysis.

Antioxidant activity of new varieties spicy-aromatic and essential-oil plants

   Spicy-aromatic and essential-oil plants are among the most important food, technical and medicinal plants; their green mass, seeds and essential oils are used in various sectors of the economy.   The purpose of the research was to study the indicators of antioxidant activity of the green mass of new varieties of spicy-aromatic and essential-oil plants.   The research subjects were new regionalized varieties of oregano, hyssop officinalis, common basil, fine-flowered basil, fragrant onion, multi-tiered onion, fragrant rue, blue fenugreek, large-rhizome geranium and borage.   The yield of green mass during flowering phase was studied in field experiments according to generally accepted methods. In laboratory experiments, the content of vitamin C and carotene was studied according to standard methods, content of polyphenolic compounds – according to method of calibration schedule based on a standard substance – rutin. As a result of field and laboratory studies, it has been determined that the yield of the green mass of the studied crops was 125–280 c/ha, vitamin C – 27.0–69.0 mg/100 g, carotene – 7.5–40.7 mg/kg, polyphenol compounds – 9.6–374.2 mg rutin/g. The studied spicy-aromatic and essential-oil plants in terms of antioxidant activity (content of polyphenol compounds) can be grouped into the following series: oregano > large-rhizome geranium > hyssop officinalis > basil > borage > fragrant rue > blue fenugreek > perennial onions. Among the varieties of oregano and hyssop, higher rates of antioxidant activity are noted in varieties with a more intense corolla color (rich pink – in oregano, blue – in hyssop). The results obtained on the yield of marketable products and antioxidant activity make it possible to more fully evaluate spicy-aromatic and essential-oil plants with the prospect of their use in various sectors of the economy, primarily in the development of functional products.

Extraction of phenolic compounds from grape pomace using ohmic heating: Chemical composition, bioactivity and bioaccessibility

This study addresses the effectiveness of ohmic heating technology (OH) for the sustainable recovery of phenolic compounds from Grape Pomace (GP) by hydroethanolic extraction. GP extracts biological potential was evaluated in terms of antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and preventive effect against reactive oxygen species (ROS). To understand if GP extracts can be used as a functional ingredient, simulated gastrointestinal digestion was performed to evaluate the bioaccessibility. OH-assisted hydroethanolic extraction proved to be an effective process for the recovery of GP phenolic compounds with high antioxidant capacity. The digestion process increased the concentration of total phenolics and the biotransformation of high-molecular phenolics (anthocyanins, flavonoids and resveratrol) in simpler phenolic acids, improving bioaccessibility. GP extract displayed a selective action against cancer cells (Caco-2 and HeLa) and promoted ROS prevention. The results highlighted the ability of OH to extract bioactives from GP and its potential application as a nutraceutical or for functional food formulations.

Coffee Silverskin Phytocompounds as a Novel Anti-Aging Functional Food: A Pharmacoinformatic Approach Combined with In Vitro Study.

Coffee became a beverage that was in demand in the world and consequently produced millions of tons of coffee byproducts namely coffee silverskin (CS). Unutilized CS will be waste and cause environmental pollution such as greenhouse gas emissions, landfill waste, and groundwater contamination. This is a research concern at this time, although many studies have been conducted to find newer applications of CS, exploration of its benefits in the health sector is still limited. Therefore, exploring the benefits of CS to prevent or delay aging will be very interesting to develop in functional food industry technology. Therefore, this study aims to report profiling metabolites or phytochemicals, biological activities in terms of antioxidant activity, and potential anti-aging of CS via molecular docking simulation and in vitro modulation of the mTOR/AMPK/SIRT1 pathway. Something new has been obtained from this work, the profile of phytocompounds, and biological activities both in molecular docking simulation and in vitro studies. Some of the compounds observed in Robusta CS extract (rCSE) such as Epicatechin, Kaempferol, and Quercitrin, and Arabica CS extract (aCSE) such as (+)-Catechin dan Naringin have promising potential as inhibitors of iNOS, mTOR, and HIF-1α via molecular docking simulation. Interestingly, the in vitro biological activity assay of antioxidant and anti-aging activity, rCSE showed the same promising potential as the results of a molecular docking simulation. More interestingly, AMPK/SIRT1/mTOR expressions are well modulated by rCSE compared to aCSE significantly (p < 0.05). This makes the rCSE have promising biological activity as a candidate for functional food development and/or treatment agent in combating free radicals that cause the aging process. In vivo studies and human trials are certainly needed to see the further efficacy of the rCSE in the future.

The Scavenging Activity and Safety Effect of Red Marine Algae Acanthophora spicifera Ethanol Extract

The red algae, Acanthophora spicifera, are major species grown in Asia and Pacific areas, especially along the coast of southern Thailand. They have the fast growth rate that leads to an abundant supply; thus, they are currently used for wastewater treatment. Furthermore, an ethanolic extract from A. spicifera has been used as a food supplement because of its perceived antioxidant property. Therefore, this study aims to ascertain and evaluate the antioxidant activity and safety of the ethanolic extract from A. spicifera. Safety tests showed that the extract did not have cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects at concentrations less than 100 µg/mL. In term of antioxidant activity, the DPPH and ABTS assays showed a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of 5.24±0.44 and 4.03±0.13 mg Trolox/g of the extract, respectively. In conclusion, A. spicifera extract is relatively safe and has a rather high efficacy in scavenging free radicals, which makes it suitable for use as food supplement and cosmetics. However, there are a number of caveats regarding its uses in terms of excessive concentrations and exposure duration to avoid causing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. HIGHLIGHTS The study evaluates the antioxidant activity of spicifera extract was very strong potential. The ethanol extract of Spicifera is safe in both of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity to cell lines. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT